Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination

Introduction
Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination are all forms of bias that are responsible for the simplest and even ‘harmless’ societal acts of favoring a neighbor of one’s own race, class, creed or sex by inviting them over for dinner over another neighbor of a different race, class, creed or sex, to the most egregious crimes that humanity has ever witnessed like the holocaust that occurred during the Second World War.
As will be shown in this paper, there are various theories that explain these discriminative acts. The theories include social justification theory, ethnocentrism, social dominance theory, and system justification theory.
This paper will discuss these three concepts separately and their various sub-forms, and will conclude with a proposition concept that will offer a means of overcoming the aforementioned forms of biasness – stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination.

Stereotyping
Stereotyping or a stereotype is an assumption or a conclusion reached by an individual concerning another individual or individuals or group of persons without the benefit of properly acquainting oneself with wholesome knowledge about the particular individual(s) or group of persons. Stereotyping arises out of an individual’s strong attachment to his or her in-group – the social group, for example family, or close friends towards whom an individual feels the highest attachment. An individual’s in-group makes the person feel secure and satisfies the individual’s need for belonging. An out-group on the other hand is a social group towards which an individual feels a sense of dislike and the individual views the group with contempt. Therefore, stereotypes serve to reinforce an individual’s unqualified opinion of another individual or group. Another concept that is significant in the understanding of stereotypes is the concept of illusionary correlation. This is the instance of an individual seeing a certain relationship between sets of information or groups even where none is present. A person may for example associate a group of people, for example, Latinos with certain characteristics like laziness even when these characteristics are non-existent.

Prejudice
A prejudice is a conclusion about someone or something reached without having sufficient information. There are various forms of prejudice that exist, each distinct in its application of assumptions. The first type of prejudice is ambivalent prejudice. This type of prejudice is manifested in an individual who genuinely believes in qualities like equality for all and other such egalitarian beliefs, but still holds the opinion that different social and ethnic groups will inevitably have both positive and negative characteristics. Such an individual will therefore vouch for policies like social welfare while still believing that members of minority groups are inherently lazy. Individuals with ambivalent prejudice tend to have a reactionary mechanism called response amplification – the individual will react more intensely than the average person to situations involving members of an out-group who act in a manner inconsistent with the individual’s prejudiced opinions. For example, if a white person who believes in equality for all is conned by a black person, he or she may react more intensely to this act than the average person.
The second type of prejudice is envious prejudice. This type of prejudice involves the disparaging and denigration of certain social groups but only because the particular individual is inherently envious of the particular social group. There is an element of admiration of the particular out-group by the individual. For instance a person may feel admiration along with envy for Jews who are known for they entrepreneurial expertise. A person may also feel envy coupled with admiration for working class women who are able to balance family and career demands. The third type of prejudice is contemptuous prejudice; this type of prejudice consists of primarily negative views towards a particular social group by an individual. This may involve, for instance, a person who dislikes door-to-door salespersons or an individual who is deeply resentful of members of a different race or religion. Sexual prejudice involves all manifest forms of discrimination towards members of an out-group based purely on their sexual orientation.

Discrimination
Discrimination has often been used simultaneously with racism in certain discussions. Discrimination is the selective negative treatment of an individual based on the individual’s race, religion, creed or class. There are various forms of discrimination based on race, the first one being aversive racism. This is form of racism is as interesting as it is subtle. Various studies indicate that many public individuals who denounce racism in public before the masses tend to practice it in its most subtle forms unconsciously. Various studies also indicate that people labeling themselves as liberals are not necessarily more likely to perform less acts of subtle racism as compared to conservatives.

Ethics and Steroid Use in Sports

There is always a relationship between the action and its consequences and this relationship is a cause and effect one. Before one proceeds to act, he or she first of all considers the outcome and what its effects will be. Human beings are able to choose what they will do and hence cannot claim to have no choice over the consequences of their actions. Although ones social conditioning affects the power to choose, it does not completely override it and this is because a human being has a free will. It is this free will that enables one to make a decision that is difficult considering the outside factors that are influencing the person’s choice.
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Article Critique

An article critique can be thought of as a constructive and well thought out evaluation of an article you might have written by a fellow student or an expert writer. However, it so happens that your colleagues may not be easily available to look at what you have done and give you their take on it; and even when they do, they might be recommending what they might have done when writing their own essay so there is a high chance that their opinion might lack the necessary cutting edge. It is always advisable to allow an expert essay writer to carry out an article critique for you; their opinion will be based on their past experience with the same kind of work.

An ideal article critique begins with comparison of the topic with the literature that follows it. A quick scan of the body of the paper should be able to reveal whether the body of the article and the topic go hand in hand. If the article writer went off key then it will be established at this point in time. The second stage of the article critique is normally the establishment of the correctness of the grammar.  A grammar check will mainly be concerned with the sentence constructions, punctuations and the general cohesiveness of the paper.

Our expert writer will take different approaches when carrying out an article critique depending on the type of article. General information articles are generally handled in a manner that is less strict compared to those articles that have been written in order top deeply explore a solid concept. For example a scientific article critique requires that whoever is looking at the article pays particular attention to the various components of the paper; from the introduction to the findings and eventually the conclusion. Such kind of an article critique is often done by isolating the individual components of the paper and looking at them critically.

Whichever kind of article critique you might be looking for there will always be a writer at our company who is more than willing to handle it for you. All you have to do is send us the article in question by way of placing an order and ensure that you accompany it with any specific instructions that you might have and we will be on it in no time.